The 5 Whys

First, I'll start with a topic that is especially well-researched by those between the ages of 2 and 5. What is the most efficient way to really, deeply understand something?

The answer is this: you ask "why?". A lot. There's no magic in the number 5, just keep asking until you get to the root of the problem. Here's an easy example:

• Why did the equipment turn off? Because the circuit overloaded.

• Why did the circuit overload? Because it wasn't properly maintained.

• Why wasn't it properly maintained? Because the maintenance guy was out of town.

• Why wasn't there backup? Because we don't cross-train engineers.

• Why don't we cross-train engineers? Because there is no formalized training program.

You get the idea.

For some, this method can be discouraging, because it's incredibly easy to end up with a "why" that is related to factors outside of your control. If you end up there, try again!